Archive for sustainability

Review: Spirulina & Chlorella Superfoods

After  contemplating for a long time, I finally decided to buy some bulk spirulina and chlorella.  They are superfoods.  My understanding of a superfood is a food that is dense in nutrients, like vitamins and minerals, but in general it is a loosely used term gaining steam in marketing.  I wouldn’t be surprised if I saw Superfood Cheetos.

Spirulina and chlorella also contain a near uniform distribution of carbohydrate, fat, and protein, which I thought was pretty neat.  They are both very small algae (less than 10 microns).  This means it’s a powder, much like flour, but it isn’t modified like ground flour.  Due to the low amount of processing necessary and the quick reproduction cycle, these foods are very sustainable.  If you feel inclined, a simple search will allow you to find more benefits reported about these algae.  However . . .

I don’t recommend these superfoods, based on my experience.

Spirulina

This algae is a cyanobacteria.  The science of cyanobacteria is very neat.  However, in my experience bacterias smell very similar to feces.  Call me Protestant, but I am not excited about acquiring that taste.

Chlorella

Chlorella is a phylum (plant), and it smells like grass.  Acquiring the taste of grass seemed much more reasonable, for the benefits of the superfoods.  However, like others, I slowly developed a chemical sensitivity to chlorella.  What this means is that in two weeks the effect of it started as a headache progressed into satiation then a stomach ache and finally full on food poisoning.

Future Plans

I’m sticking with Michael Pollan’s advice: Eat food. Not too much. Mostly plants.

Leave a comment »

Worm Harvesting Optimization

I get one of those “the most fun things in life are free” type of euphoric buzzes whenever I’m working in or talking about my worm farm: “I GOT WORMS!”

For a brief background, I built a container to house red wiggler worms.  The worms eat my table scraps and turn it into soil.  Here’s my post on building the structure.

The concept that these worms are turning waste (which half of it is rotting or covered in mold by the time it gets to the worm bin) into lush soil, completely free of smells other than “morning fresh dirt” is simply amazing to me.

To note, the worm bin can take on a nasty, pungent rotting smell from time to time.  This is simply user error, as the eco-system is out of a nitrogen / carbon balance.  To fix this odor, add torn up pieces of newspaper, unbleached cardboard, leaves, mulch, or my personal favorite saw dust from the filter at the Home Depot saw.

The concept of worm farming is that you put food into one bin until it is full then let the worms compost the material.  Once the material is composted, you start another bin stacked on top of the full bin and allow the worms to transfer through holes in the bins.

This gets a lot of the worms out of the soil you want to harvest, but there are still quite a few in the soil.  So, you have to be a sadistic jay-hole and introduce the worms to something they hate: the sun.  The instructions I’ve seen so far recommend making cones of the harvest and iteratively pull from the top of the cones, like in the picture below.

http://adventuresinmissingthepoint.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/worm1.jpeg?w=313&h=417

Being the impatient and lazy efficient person that I am, I noticed that the worms were in the shaded, cooler spots of the cones.  So then, I rearranged my piles into awesome non-linear hockey stick looking formations.

http://adventuresinmissingthepoint.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/worm2.jpeg?w=261&h=348

Not the best picture, but you can see I built the mounds just out of the shade range from each other.  This still works the same way: pull one inch going across the top.  Then, iteratively repeat as the worms will keep moving downward.  When you reach the bottom of the wall, build another until efforts are futile and/or you are satisfied with the harvesting.

Also to note, the harvested soil is fertilizer for your plants.  And if anyone local wants worms, I can donate some to you.  I can give you a handful and the worms will propagate into an equilibrium population for your container in a relatively short time.

I’m also kind of curious if you could harvest this soil using the other thing worms hate, which is standing water.

For what it’s worth, it’s crazy, to me, after spending years thinking about chemical extractions and separations in terms of abstract concepts like solubility and entropy by adding a living aspect to it, namely the extraction of the worms from their soil via sun.

Leave a comment »

Financial Independence Model

I’m interested in financial independence, as I think it is very responsible thing to do, as well as the most sustainable way to live life.  I remember first learning this from Rich Dad, Poor Dad.  A lot of people do not like that book.  I think the major reason is that the thought of passively making income is so overwhelming that one’s “fight” reaction takes over.  It’s just my guess, though.

Essentially, passive income is earnings where your efforts are not actively needed.  It is much easier to define active income: a job (where time and skill and traded for $bling).  In financial terms, passive income is generally investment capital traded for $bling.  Examples of passive income are dividends, apartment rent (if you own an apartment complex), and the part of the pyramid scheme where you profit from others’ efforts.

Passive income can also be viewed as potential.  As ERE’s post describes, the 25 and 33 scalars, applied to one’s annual budget, are commonly used for estimating this potential.

  • If you need your money to last 30 years and you invest it 100% in index funds and you withdraw your annual expenses every year, you need 25 times as much money in index funds as your annual expenses (including taxes).
  • If you need your money to last 60 years instead and follow the same procedure, you need 33 times as much money.

(If I remember correctly) this concept of potential is defined in Work Less, Live More.  The book, as well as firecalc, describe how those numbers take into account risk, so that one will be financially independent.

The time to generate these amounts are below,

http://adventuresinmissingthepoint.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/sustainable-fi-equation-1.gif?w=470

in general terms, and

http://adventuresinmissingthepoint.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/sustainable-fi-equation-2.gif?w=470

in a more applied form.

Applying the equation above in terms of the percentage of your pay that you save, you’ll come up with a pretty graph.  I have two versions, out of respect for the scale.  The first is in a scale for Joe American.  The second is for the whacky nut job ladies that plan to leave millions of dollars to their cats.

http://adventuresinmissingthepoint.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/american-sustainable-retirement1.png?w=450&h=320

http://adventuresinmissingthepoint.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/ere-sustainable-retirement1.png?w=450&h=320

It’s interesting to see that saving extremely, in terms of one’s earnings, provides a nearly inversely proportional relationship in time for retirement.  These are not revolutionary ideas.  I just like visualizing numbers.

It’s interesting to note that spending less, as opposed to making more, has a greater impact to achieving financial independence, faster.  This is logical, if you look back to the equation.  The accumulation denominator is a function of earning and spending, yet the state of the system in the numerator is a function of spending scaled by a factor of 25.

Work Less, Live More

Comments (2) »

Bike Commuting Boxers

When I first started bike commuting to work, I would dress every morning as a “Spandex Sally.”  When people look like freaks, there’s usually logic behind it.  As it is so with the Spandex Sally look.  Bicycling specific tights have a chamois pad in it.  The chamois (or “shammy”) is roughly the difference of sleeping on a wood floor or sleeping on a mattress.  Shammies are super comfy.  The downside to the tights are that 1) you look like a freak and 2) formunda cheese manufacturing.

Time’s progressed, and now I usually wear my underwear for the day and a pair of Arc Teryx shorts.  The shorts are lightweight.  The fabric, of the shorts, is highly bomb-resistant.  My boxers, on the other hand, are not:

http://adventuresinmissingthepoint.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/1-blowout-1.jpeg?w=403&h=302

Sometimes for short errands, I wear pants.  For this reason, I now look for pants with gusseted crotches:

http://adventuresinmissingthepoint.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/2-blowout-2.jpeg?w=280&h=373

It’s also fun to say gusseted crotches.

When I told others about my idea of repairing my underwear, one reoccurring statement I heard was “Why don’t you just buy new underwear?  It’s not like underwear is expensive!”  I like to think I’m the Bill Bowerman of bicycling underwear.  Even though there are products similar to a gusseted crotch boxer on the market, it’s not quite what I want.

I see it as reducing my consumption as well as preventing future failures.  Buying new underwear will just fail in the same spot.  I borrowed dre’s sewing machine and ripped up the failed jeans.

http://adventuresinmissingthepoint.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/3-patch.jpeg?w=298&h=224

http://adventuresinmissingthepoint.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/4-gtg.jpeg?w=393&h=295

So far I have about 3 miles on “Version 1.”

Comments (2) »

Growth Is Not Sustainable

Earth Day is a pagan’s Christmas: no more special than any other day, but yet a universally recognized celebration.  Last year I wrote that the best way to go green is to stop buying stuff.

This year I’ve been reflecting on growth.  Specifically, that many businesses depend on growth in their business model.  From a business perspective, this is great. Especially when it is done with re-investments from previous sales: organic growth.  From a materials perspective, this is not good.  In this model, there is an inconsistency in assuming that the Earth is full of infinite resources.

I also see it in investment ads: contribute as much as possible to your XYZ fund!!  (Why? There are much more wise methods to calculate your contributions.)  The public schools are currently getting killed because they set their budget as a percentage of real estate value.  I assume this was an attempt to maximize the amount of the school systems’ income, but a flat tax would have kept them from their current problem.

More, bigger, easier!

When is enough?  Currently, I can’t tangibly figure out this calculation based off of resource depletion.  My current angle is figuring out when my marginal returns decrease, and stopping myself there.  Most people call this a budget.  Other people call it being a cheap, lame-ass.

A budget allows yourself to reflect and figure out what’s enough, and to keep from excessive use of the Earth’s mass and energy.


Hey, on a related note, check out my right sidebar.  I’m sporting my first badge!

Comments (2) »

Rewards for the Cyclists

There’s a management idea of push versus pull.  I like to think of it as:

  • Push: “You better finish that ____, or you’ll be in serious trouble.”
  • Pull: “If you finish that ____, I’ll give you an extra ____ for doing so.”

Some people operate better in a push than a pull, but I think most people like the woohoo idea of the latter.  This morning I came up with a pull method for cyclists.

The ingredients are 2 of those weight sensors (currently used for cars) especially in the left turn lane. These particular weight sensors would be calibrated to a range of sensitivity to >50 lbs and <500 lbs.   I figure most riders+bike will be more than 50 and less than 500 lbs.  Also, the average car weight is 3000 lbs (wikiAnswers), so half the weight [in the bike lane] would be 1500 lbs which is less than the upper specification of 500 lbs above.

With two of those weight sensors and the same controller that decides to change the light for the left turning cars, the controlling system could calculate the average speed of the cyclist and have the light turn green for him right as he would want to enter the intersection.

Ideally this would entice more people to bike commute by drastically reducing any waiting time at lights, which is more of a mental downer than it is one on’s commuting time, regardless if you are in a car or on a bike.

Of course the idea is the easy part of doing it. . .

Comments (4) »

Slab City

On the few bike tours I’ve ridden, my elevator speech to the question regarding “the best part of the trip” includes a favorite natural scenic landscape and a fun cultural experience.

On the Turkey Tour, my favorite cultural experience was visiting Slab City.

I like the summary of Slab City is Krakauer’s Into the Wild.

The Slabs functions as the seasonal capital of a teeming itinerant society — a tolerant, rubber-tired culture comprising the retired, the exiled, the destitute, the perpetually unemployed.  Its constituents are men and women and children of all ages, folks on the dodge of from collection agencies, relationships gone sour, the law or the IRS, Ohio winters, the middle-class grind.

And, my favorite visual summary is the school bus converted into a sailboat trailer.

I imagine the resident(s) live in the yacht year-round, roughly half the time on water and the other half on a school bus in the desert.

Here is dre’s map of our Turkey Tour.  Slab City, or the Slabs, is near the far east point, Point F.  From this view, I think the Salton Sea looks phallic.

The Slabs are three miles east of Niland, CA.  Niland is a small town located within a few miles of the Salton Sea with a couple of restaurants, a gas station, a grocery store, and a laundry mat.

I find the amount craftsmanship very interesting in the Slabs.  Not just a sailboat on a school bus, but the way so many people are able to live not only independently, but also communally.

Most people reside in RVs.  Actually, if you look around the internet, it is frowned upon to camp in a tent.  The reason for the frowning is not the more common American housing value but in disposing human waste.  Like other biodegradable wastes, human wastes take much longer to biodegrade in harsh climates like the desert.  Junk waste is actually the biggest problem in Slab City.  There’s a lot of trash from transients, broken down cars, tires, regular trash trash, and dumping from Niland townees.

A part that I found interesting was the amount of solar cells there.  Virtually all of the RVs have renewable solar power.  Around a campfire, I learned the buzzwords in solar power: inverters, modified sine waves, and true sine waves took the cake in addition to the other more traditional electrical words.

I think it’s neat how independent these people are.  They don’t pay “rent” or pay for utilities like electricity and water.  Water is free behind the gas station, bee tee dubs.  In addition to that, the campfire we found included retirees making fun of home-buyers.  I don’t express the thought much because it’s tireless to someone with closed ears, but in society I am apart of the minority that thinks taking a large bank loan, in hopes of “my” housing value increasing is a bad investment.

Note that I don’t say it’s bad to have a house; there are pro’s.  But, I think a loan is a bad investment so much that I view it is as a liability and a speculative gamble which I’m not interested in even if you rent out a room or whatever. (In my opinion, an apartment building is more of an investment than a house.)

Anyways. . . it’s always nice to find your other birds of the same feather to flock together.  It was just a passing comment around a campfire, but it put a little smile on my desert chapped lips.

The community of the Slabs felt comforting.  In our short 24 hour visit, people constantly introduced themselves to us and our claimed patch of dirt in the range of young seniors, middle aged, young adults, and even a boy of about 10 years of age.  We were fortunate enough to make a connection earlier in the bike tour which catalyzed our ability to eat a great traditional Thanksgiving dinner which later led into the campfire.

Even without that catalyzed close knit experience, I think it is place worth spending some time to either winter over, stay a night, or even check out Salvation Mountain during an afternoon of your Southwest road trip.  It may pull you out of your consumerist and isolated housing comfort zone; it may give you renewable energy ideas; you may find cool trash or all the books you want to take home in the library; but, it will help your craving for a shower.

If you are interested in more pictures from the Slabs as well as the rest of the Turkey Tour, check out dre’s picture journal on the ‘book.

Comments (1) »

Aquaponics: Urban Gardening

After reading the aquaponics section of the Toolbox for Sustainability, I tied my TV Aquarium into an urban garden, termed aquaponics.

Say What

Aquaponics is a combined word, aquarium + hydroponics = aquaponics.  Here are three advantages of aquaponics [source]:

  • Recycles water and nutrients – environmentally friendly.
  • Uses 90% less water than ground crops.
  • Eliminates chemicals and pesticides.

By recycling water, aquaponics combines the disadvantages of aquariums and hydroponics.  Namely, aquariums need to flush fish waste, and hydroponic systems need to add nutrients for its plants.  Combining the two systems allows the fish to fertilize the plants, as well as conserves water and chemicals.

Structure

In its current version I have three cells: a fish tank, wetlands, and hydroponics.

Fish tank

I slightly modified my fish tank by placing a 1/25 hp pump into it.  The pump, at 5 feet of head, supplies 120 gph, which is plenty for this system.  This is the smallest pump at my Local Fish Store (LFS), and it was $50.

To put the pump into the undergravel filter system I connected the 3/4″ inlet adapter to a 3/4″ — 1″ connecter.  That connecter is also attached to a 1″ PVC tube that slips over the undergravel filter.

I drilled 1/16″ holes in the bottom tubing section.  This is for the Oh Shit Factor (OSF).  The OSF considered here is plugging from an above cell, preventing water flow into the fish tank.  This way the fish will still have a little bit of water to survive until I come home to see that the OSF was deployed.

Pump connected to the undergravel filter system.

Wetlands

The wetlands cell consists of:

  • three 12 gallon tool storage bins, $5 each.
  • six bulk-heads (how to put a pipe through a bin), $10 each.
  • two 50L bags of hydroton (clay balls), $35 each.
  • pea gravel, free.

The reason for six bulkheads instead of three is for the OSF.  There is a main bulkhead, which is dependent on gravity for flow; the additional bulkhead in the system is much like that little drain in your bathroom sink.  Here the additional bulkhead covers a plugged outlet, if the OSF is deployed.

I spent the extra money on hydroton, as opposed to using pea gravel, because it is so much lighter than pea gravel.  This is a luxury item.  If I were on a laycation or a reduced income, I would have used pea gravel.

inside the wetlands cell

Hydroponics

Yeeeeeeeeeaaaaaaaaaaah, hydroponics!!!  To “mod” the fish tank I found, I just had a local glass shop drill two 1.5″ inch holes in it and then connected two bulkheads to that.  Again, one for the main flow and one for the OSF.  The glass shop charged me $30 for the two holes.

Piping it together

I used a variety of pipe sizes and connectors.  I learned how to connect pipes reading two pages in the hardware store.  It’s easy and fun, and PVC pipes are cheap (~$20 to make this system).

I used $3.50 ball valves over the wetlands cell because I only care to control if the cell is on or off.  However, I used a $6.00 gate valve after the pump outlet because I want to control the amount of flow.

There’s one thing I learned about cementing pipes together: don’t do it an area without ventilation.  I got a little high off it one night and felt dumber than usual  the next day.

The missed point

I spend a lot more time appreciating and wondering about pipe installations now.  I’m sure I’ll get over this soon, but there’s something to be said about appreciating a field after you dabble in it for a bit.

Additionally, I’ve finally put a link together from my $500 beginner chemical engineering fluid transfer class and actually implementing the designs.  It actually feels pretty cool and full circle.

The next adventure

Let the experiments begin and learn how to garden!  What little I do know is plants where leaves are harvested (herbs) do better submerged in water (hydroponics), and fruits and vegetables do better is a drier environment (wetlands).

I assume that the plants will do better supplemented with potassium and phosphorous, rather than just nitrogen from the fish.  At first, I’m just going to put some worm tea in the system, and then go from there.

Who knew the Huntington Beach Public Library is stocked full of indoor gardening and hydroponics books?  So, I have that going for me!

. . . and of course, continue on with the revolution of freeing myself from the Man!

Comments (4) »

Open-Source Water Filter Housing Thoughts

For aquaponics, I decided that I want to filter the water between the plants and the fishez.  After two failed designs, I ended with a simple design that I like (so far).

This was a fun project to transition from how-to into design into redesign and a finished project.  My first filter failed miserably, in both function and aesthetics.  Then, I designed (and redesigned) a filter emulating a common inline water filter.

I think that placing the inlet and outlet ports above the access threads causes unneeded strain on those threads.  That probably makes no sense to you.  So, I present this diagram of my filter design.

In my design the water inlets and outlets are below the cap cover.  So, the water does not place any pressure on the cap.  This eliminates the need for a strong seal. In the current off-the-shelf models, the manufacturers place an o-ring in the threads to keep the seal strong.  The end-user will eventually need to maintain and replace these o-rings.  (My design doesn’t need an o-ring.)

. . . and my filter is $15 using PVC parts, compared to about $30 for the same size off-the-shelf models (plus dependence on “them” for replacement filter cartridges).  For actually filtering the water, I’m planning on using lava rocks.  The media costs $1 to replace.  I don’t know how this filter changing frequency compares relative to off-the-shelf models.  I assume they are roughly equal.

I’ve passed a measly 15 gallons through this filter.  So far, so good. . .

UPDATE: I understand where the man is coming from now: unknown inlet water pressures.  For me, I know I am going to be at a trickle, ~2 gpm; however, if you have to design for possibly high flowrates, you might as well design for a more streaming inlet and outlet configuration with a bomb-resistant seal.  To quote the poet Ali G, “Booyakasha.”

Comments (2) »

I GOT WORMS!

“My friend Harry and I are saving up to open our own pet store . . .  ’I Got Worms!’  We’re gonna specialize in selling worm farms. You know, like ant farms.” Lloyd Christmas

I built the structure, and my newest roommate, Harry, ordered some red wiggler worms (eisendia fetida).  The purpose is to compost food scraps, in an urban setting, termed vermicomposting.  Here we are in Day 1:

This is easy to build:

  • find or fabricate one to three ~2ft by ~2ft bins.
  • drill 1/8″ holes near the top (not shown), for air
  • drill 1/4″ holes in the base so the worms can go to another layer (not shown), for harvesting the compost, called [worm] castings. The castings are solid fertilizer for plants.
  • initially, and possibly periodically, place dry or damp (depending on the food scrap moisture and pest conditions) newspaper as filler for the worms to play in.
  • place a lid or some type of liquid trapping device on the base to collect worm tea, Ma Nature’s form of Miracle-Gro (I’ve heard worm tea can kick Miracle-Gro’s ass).

I found the instructions on this website and from the rhizomecollective.org’s book Toolbox for Sustainable City Living: A Do-It-Ourselves Guide.  I’m pumped to see these worms eat!

Comments (2) »

Follow

Get every new post delivered to your Inbox.